Kunezimo eziningi ezingavamile ezingaholela ekulimaleni kwejeneretha.Ezinye zalezi zimo ziwumphumela wokwehluleka ngaphakathi kwejeneretha noma enye yezinhlelo zayo ezingaphansi futhi ezinye zisuka ohlelweni lwamandla ngokwalo.Ithebula elilandelayo lifingqa izinhlobo zokwehluleka okungenzeka kanye nezindlela ezihambisanayo zokuvikela.
Amaphutha e-Stator Ground
Ukwehluleka okuvame ukwenzeka kokusonta kwe-stator ukuhlukana kwe-insulation phakathi kwesigaba esisodwa nomhlabathi.Njengoba lingabonwa, leli phutha lingalimaza ngokushesha umongo wejeneretha.Imililo ingenzeka nasemishinini epholisa umoya.Ikhono lesici somehluko we-stator ukuthola iphutha eliphansi liwumsebenzi wephutha elikhona lamanje.Ngakho-ke, ukuvikelwa kwamaphutha okuzinikele ngokuvamile kuyadingeka ku-stator.
Amajeneretha ahlinzeka ngamandla asetshenziswa yiyo yonke imithwalo ohlelweni lwamandla kanye namandla amaningi asebenzayo adingekayo ukuze kuhlinzekwe izinto ezishintshayo ngaleyo ndlela kugcinwe amandla kagesi esistimu ngamavelu avamile.Amasistimu kagesi anomthamo omncane wokugcina amandla.Ngakho-ke, ukukhiqiza okulahlekile kufanele kushintshwe ngokushesha noma inani elilinganayo lomthwalo kufanele lichithwe.Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi uhlelo lokuvikela lwejeneretha luvikeleke kakhulu ngesikhathi sokuphazamiseka kwangaphandle.
Ijeneretha iyingxenye eyodwa yesistimu eyinkimbinkimbi ehlanganisa i-prime mover, i-exciter, namasistimu ahlukahlukene asizayo.Ngokungeziwe ekutholweni kwamasekhethi amafushane, i-IED yokuvikela ijeneretha iyadingeka ukuze kutholwe inqwaba yezimo ezingavamile ezingase zilimaze ijeneretha noma enye yezinhlelo zayo ezingaphansi.Amajeneretha angahlukaniswa abe izinhlobo ezimbili ezinkulu: induction kanye ne-synchronous.Imishini yokungeniswa ivamise ukuba mincane ngosayizi, isukela phansi iye kufika ngaphansi kwekhulu le-kVA, futhi imvamisa iqhutshwa enjinini ephindaphindayo.Imishini ye-synchronous ihluka ngosayizi ukusuka kumakhulu ambalwa we-kVA kuya ku-1200 MVA.
Amajeneretha angama-synchronous angase ashayelwe izinhlobonhlobo zama-prime movers, okuhlanganisa izinjini eziphindaphindayo, ama-hydro turbines, ama-turbine avuthayo, nezinjini ezinkulu zesitimu.Uhlobo lwe-turbine luthinta idizayini yejeneretha futhi lungathinta izidingo zokuvikela.Usayizi wejeneretha kanye nendlela yayo yokwenza phansi nakho kuthinta izidingo zayo zokuvikela.Imishini emincane naphakathi nendawo ngokuvamile ixhunywe ngokuqondile kunethiwekhi yokusabalalisa (ixhumeke ngqo).Kulokhu kucushwa imishini eminingana ingaxhunywa ebhasini elifanayo.Imishini emikhulu ivamise ukuxhunywa ngesiguquli samandla esizinikezele kunethiwekhi yokudlulisa (iyunithi ixhunyiwe).
Isiguquli samandla sesibili kumatheminali ejeneretha sinikeza amandla asizayo eyunithi.Amajeneretha asekelwe ukuze kulawulwe ekulimazeni ama-voltage adlulayo kanye nokwenza lula ukusebenza kwemisebenzi yokuvikela.Amajeneretha axhumeke ngqo avame ukumiswa ngokusebenzisa i-impedance ephansi ebeka umkhawulo wephutha lomhlabathi ku-200-400 amps.Imishini exhunywe amayunithi ivamise ukumiswa ngokusebenzisa i-impedance ephezulu ekhawulela yamanje ibe ngaphansi kwama-amps angama-20.
Ukuze kuxhunywe ngokuqondile, imishini ephansi ye-impedance ephansi, indlela yokuthola esekwe manje isetshenziswa.Lesi sivikelo sidinga ukushesha futhi sizwele ngamaphutha angaphakathi aphansi kuyilapho ngesikhathi esifanayo sivikeleke phakathi nokuphazamiseka kwangaphandle.Lokhu kungafinyelelwa kusetshenziswa isici esilinganiselwe esingaphansi komhlaba noma isici esimaphakathi sokuqondisa.Isici esilinganiselwe sephutha eliphansi elisetshenziswe ku-G30 kanye ne-G60 lisebenzisa indlela yokuvimbela ingxenye elinganayo ehlinzeka ngezinga eliphezulu lokuphepha phakathi namaphutha angaphandle ane-CT saturation ebalulekile.
Emayunithi axhumene, imishini ene-impedance ephezulu, izindlela ezisekelwe ku-voltage zivame ukusetshenziselwa ukuhlinzeka ngokutholwa kwephutha eliphansi.Ngokusebenzisa inhlanganisela yezinto eziyisisekelo kanye nezesithathu ze-harmonic voltage, ukumbozwa kwamaphutha aphansi ku-100% we-stator winding kungafinyelelwa.Ukudluliselwa kwe-GE kusebenzisa into yesithathu yamandla kagesi e-harmonic esabela esilinganisweni samanani aphakathi nendawo nawesiphetho we-harmonic yesithathu.Le elementi ilula ukusethwa futhi ayizweli ezinhlobonhlobo zamaleveli e-harmonic wesithathu ngaphansi kokusebenza okuvamile.
Amaphutha eSigaba se-Stator
Amaphutha esigaba angabandakanyi umhlabathi angenzeka ekugcineni noma endaweni evulekile emishinini enamakhoyili esigaba esifanayo endaweni efanayo.Nakuba iphutha lesigaba mancane kakhulu kunephutha eliphansi, okwamanje okuvela kuleli phutha akukhawulelwanga yi-impedance yaphansi.Ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukuthi lawa maphutha asheshe abonakale ukuze kunqandwe umonakalo emshinini.Njengoba isilinganiso sesistimu ye-XOR siphezulu kakhulu kujeneretha, isici esihlukanisayo se-stator sisengozini ikakhulukazi ekugcwalisweni kwe-CT ngenxa yengxenye ye-DC yamanje ngesikhathi sokuphazamiseka kwangaphandle.I-algorithm yokuhlukanisa i-stator ye-G60 yengeza ukuvikeleka okwengeziwe ngefomethi yokuhlola okuqondisiwe lapho ukugcwaliswa kwesikhala kwe-CT kusolwa ngenxa yezingxenye ze-AC noma ze-DC zamanje.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Jan-30-2023